Contrastive analysis of perception verbs in English and Arabic Thesis - 1

Contrastive analysis of perception verbs in English and Arabic - Thesis Example (Mina smelled the perfume ) (active) (Meher felt a prick in his thumb) (state). (Meher felt sick). (descriptive) Tahir felt his tie (Active) . (Mazi tasted defeat) (descriptive) Lemon tastes bitter (state) (Jack tasted the warm broth) (Active) Chapter 3: Perception verbs in English 3.1  Ã‚   Introduction This chapter presents a discussion on the perception verbs and their usage in English language. It will develop an understanding of the importance and relevance of the correct forms of perception verbs to the meaning of the sentence and will also highlight the basic issues that non-native learners may face when they try to learn the language. This chapter forms an essential background for the conduction of the contrastive analysis between the Arabic and the English language perception verbs.    3.2 What are Perception Verbs Perception verbs are the verbs that define the actions undertaken by our sensory parts. These are an essential element of any languag e as these have the capacity to explain and display a diverse variety of human behavoiurs and nuances. In semantics, perception verbs have been a subject of much debate and research owing to the complexity of their usage as well as their capacity to be modified in language use. The field of perception verbs is one of the important semantic fields that received the attention of linguists since 1970s, along with other semantic fields like basic color terms (Berlin and Kay 1969), body parts (Andersen 1978), cooking verbs (Lehrer 1974), and motion verbs (Talmy 1975). However, while other subjects and aspects of language have been explored in order to assess the richness of the language or to explore the richness with which concepts can be expressed, perception verbs are of interest due to their difficulty to translate into other languages. Perception verbs relate to the active usage of language and portrat not only the perceptions, but often the emotions and the conceptions as well. Thi s makes the usage of the perception verbs complex and difficult to translate in different languages.    Also, other elements of the language like the nouns, vocabulary etc., are easy to learn as these are governed by simple rules of grammar. These semantic fields share universal elements, and exist frequently in many languages. It is a well-known fact that in order to recognize the typological shape of any language, we must be aware of â€Å"the distinctive character of its structure in relation to other languages based mainly on work in general typology, and on contrastive analysis and other types of cross linguistic studies† (Viberg, 2006, p.3). Perception verbs have also â€Å"supplied a rich field of research in linguistics including grammaticalisation, complementation and semantic change† (Ibarretxe-Antunano, 1999, p. 41).      The complexity associated with the perception verbs has its roots in the variety of modes in which perception is understood. Percept ion is a basic human process through which they are able to access external inputs and make sense of their surroundings. However, academic definition of perception is varied as different scholars tend to define perception differently. The definition of perception is essential to understand as it has a direct impact on the development and usage of the perception verbs. Sekuler and Blake defined it as â€Å"a biological process wherein the brain derives descriptions

Challenges Facing Destination Managers at Sydney for thr Essay

Challenges Facing Destination Managers at Sydney for thr Infrastructure of the Place - Essay Example The marketability of any particular tourist destination largely depends on the perceptions of different market areas. Such perceptions may be varied in nature. Huge investments are made on a regular basis by several countries to make a destination successfully available to the tourists (Beirman, 2003, pp.3-4). A country, trying to provide its tourists with different facilities, also has to encounter several challenges associated with the facilities and services. With the growing competition in the industry, the complexities have increased to great extents leading to greater problems with tourist destinations (Bramwell & Lane, 2004, p.78). The present study has considered Sydney as the tourism destination for study and discusses about the challenges encountered by the destination managers in the city. Sydney is the oldest, largest and the most popular city in the country of Australia. Both business and arts of the country are mostly delivered by this city. It is one of the most attrac tive places in the world delivering scenic beauty, geographical locations of waters as well as leisure activities. There are mountains as well as seas, along with several inland waterways and national parks (Sydney- General Information, n.d.). Sydney as a Tourist Destination: Sydney presents several places to visit for the tourists thus attracting visitors from across the world. Australia’s diverse wildlife, the galleries representing art, Sydney Opera House delivering beautiful performances and convict heritage site are all listed in the World Heritage list. Visitors can spend several hours at these places. The places also offer meals and leisure activities for the visitors. There are thrilling experiences for the kids as well delivered by places like the Taronga Zoo or Featherdale Widlife Park. Other tourist attractions that are of significant attractions include Luna Park, a fun-packed, harbourside amusement park and Sydney Tower Eye. The Sydney Tower is the uppermost spot above Sydney consisting several views of the harbour, beaches as well as the Blue Mountains (Sydney Attraction, n.d.). The Blue Mountains Region in Sydney has in the recent years attracted the most numbers of visitors. It has proved to be a place for immense recreation and relaxation. In the 1990s, the area had lacked its image particularly owing to the iconic natural and built assets. Later there have been several initiatives to improve the region and in the present times, the region drags â€Å"a large share of the tourism market† (Blue Mountains Regional Tourism Plan 2004-2007, n.d.). A tourism plan is also involved in this regard that has been consulted with several stakeholders. The target markets have also been segmented accordingly and these include the luxury travelers, the adventure travelers, the touring travelers, the peer group travelers as well as the family travelers. Both domestic and international visitors are targeted in this regard with the international co untries including UK, Germany and USA. The experiences of the nature, the heritage, the arts and culture, and the indulgence and rejuvenation have been the major appeals of this region (Blue Mountains Regional Tourism Plan 2004-2007, n.d.). Competitors of Sydney in the tourism market include other Australian cities like Melbourne, as well as other regional competitors like Singapore, Hong Kong, and Kuala Lumpur. This competition has led to a need for Sydney to market and promote their tourism in the industry